Whiplash

Whiplash refers to injuries of the neck which are caused when the neck is suddenly and/or violently jolted in one direction and then another, creating a whip-like movement. Whiplash is very commonly seen when people are involved in car accidents. However, it can also be caused by falls, sports injuries, work injuries, and other incidents.
Whiplash injuries usually result in sprain-strain of the neck. By sprain we mean that the ligaments that help support, protect, and restrict excessive movement of the vertebrae are torn.  By strain we mean stretched beyond the normal limits.   In some cases, even though it is rare, sometimes the vertebrae can be fractured and/or dislocated in a whiplash injury.  

Common signs and symptoms of whiplash
The most common symptoms of whiplash are pain and stiffness in the neck. These symptoms are generally found in the areas that are “whiplashed.”  Turning the head often makes the pain and discomfort worse.

Headache, especially at the base of the skull, is also a common symptom, seen in more than two thirds of patients. These headaches may be one-sided (unilateral) or experienced on both sides (bilateral). The pain and stiffness may also extend down into the shoulders and arms, upper back, and even the upper chest.
Some patients may also experience dizziness, difficulty swallowing, nausea, and even blurred vision after a whiplash injury.
Vertigo (the sensation of the room spinning) and ringing in the ears may also be seen. Some patients may even feel pain in the jaw. Others may complain of irritability, fatigue, and difficulty concentrating.

Another important and interesting aspect of whiplash is that the signs and symptoms often do not develop until 2 to 48 hours after the injury. This scenario is relatively common but not completely understood. Some speculate that it may be due to delayed muscle soreness, a condition seen in other circumstances.

How is whiplash treated?

Staying active
One of the most important aspects of whiplash management is for the patient to stay active, unless there is some serious injury that requires immobilization. Patients should not be afraid to move and be active, within reason. In addition, your doctor will often prescribe an exercise or stretching program. It is particularly important to follow this program as prescribed, so that you can achieve the best long-term benefits.

Chiropractic manipulation and physical therapy
Ice and/or heat are often used to help control pain and reduce the muscle spasm that results from whiplash injuries. Other physical therapy modalities, such as electrical stimulation and/or ultrasound, may provide some short-term relief. They should not, however, replace an active-care program of exercise and stretching. Spinal manipulation and/or mobilization provided by a chiropractor can also give relief in many cases of neck pain.

Can whiplash be prevented?
Generally speaking, whiplash cannot be “prevented,” but there are some things that you can do while in a motor vehicle that may reduce the chances of a more severe injury. Always wear restraints (lap or shoulder belt), and ensure that the headrest in your vehicle is adjusted to the appropriate height.

- information provided by the American Chiropractic Association